
Benefits of Fish Oil
DHA Fights Depression
ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND. Researchers at the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism believe that the increasing rates of depression seen in North America over the last 100 years are due to a significant shift in the ratio of Omega -6 (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid) to Omega-3 (DHA, fatty acids in the diet.
The human race evolved on a diet having a ratio of about 1:1 of these acids; it is now estimated to be between 10:1 and 25:1. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a main component of the synaptic membranes and a lack of it has been linked to depression. Fish oils are a rich source of DHA. The researchers speculate that the depressions which often accompany alcoholism, multiple sclerosis, and childbirth (postpartum depression) are all due to a lack of DHA and can be corrected by increasing the dietary intake of DHA.
Hibbeln, Joseph R. and Salem, Norman. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: when cholesterol does not satisfy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 62, July 1995, pp. 1-9
The ratio of Omega-3 to Omega-6 must be balanced to maintain good health and minimize inflammation. Chronic inflammation is linked to arthritis, osteoarthritis, hormonal imbalances, asthma, digestive disorders, and heart disease.
Heavily processed foods are pro-inflammatory whereas Omega-3 is inherently anti-inflammatory.
EPA and the Cardiovascular System
SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM. It is well established that populations with a high consumption of oily fish have a lower incidence of heart disease and several studies have confirmed that fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) are the protective components. There is also impressive evidence that they help prevent atherosclerosis, lower blood pressure, reduce triglyceride levels, and are highly protective against both fatal and non-fatal heart attacks. Fish oils also have antiarrhythmic effects and help prevent blood clotting.
Recent research concludes that perhaps the most important effect of fish oils, when it comes to preventing cardiovascular disease, is their ability to stabilize atherosclerotic plaque by reducing the infiltration of inflammatory and immune cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) into the plaque. Heart attacks are now believed to involve the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. These plaques come in two main varieties, those with a thin, unstable fibrous cap and those with a thick, stable fibrous cap. A recent study showed that supplementation with 1.4 grams/day of fish oil significantly reduced macrophage infiltration and resulted in a substantial shift towards a preponderance of stable, thick-capped plaques. At least two studies have shown that the beneficial effects of fish oils on heart health become clear after about 2 months.
Calder, Philip C. New evidence in support of the cardiovascular benefit of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Italian Heart Journal, Vol. 4, July 2003, pp. 427-29
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